Methodology: How We Get Our Numbers
Utility Explained uses real-world ranges — not exact figures — because utility costs vary by region, provider, climate, season, and household. This page explains how we arrive at the numbers you see across our guides.
Our sources
Where possible, cost and usage figures are grounded in publicly available, authoritative references, including:
- U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) — average retail electricity and gas prices by state.
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) / ENERGY STAR — typical appliance energy consumption.
- Provider tariffs and rate schedules — published customer charges, delivery fees, and rate structures.
- Water and sewer utility rate disclosures — published CCF rates and fixed service charges.
When a figure is a general rule of thumb rather than a sourced average, we label it clearly.
How we calculate
We use straightforward, transparent math so you can reproduce it:
- Appliance cost = wattage ÷ 1,000 × hours used × price per kWh.
- Bill impact = change in kWh × your local rate.
- Savings = current usage − reduced usage, multiplied by the applicable rate.
We always show the formula in the guide so you can plug in your own numbers.
What “typical” means
When we say a figure is “typical,” we mean it represents a common U.S. household situation. Your bill will differ based on your local rates, home size, climate, and habits. We treat every figure as an estimate, never a guarantee.
Currency and freshness
Rates and averages change. We revisit data-heavy guides regularly and show an “Updated” date where material figures have been refreshed. See our editorial policy for our review process.
Limitations
- We cannot cover every utility or rate plan. Where regional variation is significant, we say so.
- Our ranges are educational. For decisions with major financial consequences, confirm the specifics on your own bill or with your provider.
Found a number that looks off? Tell us — we’ll check it against the source.